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Crossing Angle

  Run II at the Tevatron will begin with 36 bunches and eventually be upgraded to about 100 bunches (132 nsec running). With 36 bunches there are twelve potential collision points around the Tevatron ring. The use of electrostatic separators allows the beams to collide with a zero crossing angle at the DØ and CDF interaction points, but have a 5tex2html_wrap_inline3218 separation at the other parasitic crossings. With 132 nsec running, however, it will no longer be possible to avoid the first parasitic crossing without the introduction of a crossing angle to separate the beams within the low beta quadrupoles. A preliminary study of 132 nsec running [40, 41] indicates that a crossing angle of about 140 tex2html_wrap_inline3530rad will provide a 3tex2html_wrap_inline3218 separation of the beams at the first parasitic crossing (roughly the quadrupole spectrometer Roman pot locations) and 6.5tex2html_wrap_inline3218 at the other undesirable crossing points.

The dipole spectrometer situation is improved by the addition of the crossing angle which will result in a 2.3 mm separation of the p and tex2html_wrap_inline2822 beams [40], with the proton beam located farthest away from the pots. It should be possible to move the pots slightly closer to the tex2html_wrap_inline2822 beam in this case, due to the smaller tex2html_wrap_inline2822 beam width.

Figure 22 shows the effect of a crossing angle on the quadrupole spectrometers. There is no longer symmetric acceptance in the plane of the crossing angle. The current scenario assumes that the crossing angle is split among the x and y directions, and results in a tex2html_wrap_inline3818 separation of the beam in each plane [40]. For the case of proton side pots, the effect of the separated beams is that one spectrometer is still tex2html_wrap_inline3266 from the proton beam but the other side now has the tex2html_wrap_inline2822 beam in the way and can only be inserted to tex2html_wrap_inline3382 (tex2html_wrap_inline3818 from the beam separation and tex2html_wrap_inline3828 from the effective width of the tex2html_wrap_inline2822 beam). The overall acceptance for this side will thus drop by almost a factor of two, since tex2html_wrap_inline3382 pot displacements give an acceptance almost 10 times smaller than tex2html_wrap_inline3266. For the anti-proton side pots, the acceptance is actually increased by about 50% as for one spectrometer the pots can be lowered to tex2html_wrap_inline3828 from the tex2html_wrap_inline2822 beam (which gives an increase of about a factor of 3), while the other side spectrometer will be at tex2html_wrap_inline3840 and can be ignored.

  
Figure 22: The pot locations in a crossing angle scenario are shown. The proton and anti-proton beams are separated by tex2html_wrap_inline3818 resulting in effective pot positions of 8 and 10tex2html_wrap_inline3218 for p pots and 7 and 11tex2html_wrap_inline3218 for tex2html_wrap_inline2822 pots.

The addition of a crossing angle, although not desirable from complexity and symmetry arguments, does not significantly affect the overall acceptance and does not compromise the goals of the FPD.


next up previous contents
Next: Resolution Up: Tracking Studies Previous: Quadrupole Spectrometer Acceptance

Gilvan Alves
Tue Mar 17 12:50:26 GRNLNDST 1998